近日,国家食品药品监督管理总局发布《药品医疗器械飞行检查办法》(以下简称《办法》),将于2015年9月1日起施行。
飞行检查是食品药品监管部门针对行政相对人开展的不预先告知的监督检查,具有突击性、独立性、高效性等特点。2006年,国家食品药品监管局发布了《药品GMP飞行检查暂行规定》,2012年发布《医疗器械生产企业飞行检查工作程序(试行)》,在调查问题、管控风险、震慑违法行为等方面发挥了重要作用。
为适应监管形势变化和需要,经过深入调研和广泛征求意见,总局对飞行检查的范围、要求、工作程序以及各方责任和义务做出进一步明确,在此基础上,起草和制定了《药品医疗器械飞行检查办法》。《办法》共5章35条,包括总则、启动、检查、处理及附则。
《办法》将药品和医疗器械研制、生产、经营和使用全过程纳入飞行检查的范围,突出飞行检查的依法、独立、客观、公正,以问题为导向,以风险管控为核心,按照“启得快、办得顺、查得严、处得快、罚得准”的要求,详细规定了启动、检查、处理等相关工作程序,严格各方责任和义务,提升飞行检查的科学性、有效性和权威性。
《办法》主要体现了五大特点:一是规范飞行检查的启动和实施,充分体现依法独立原则。例如,《办法》规定了通过投诉举报、检验、不良反应监测发现产品可能存在质量安全风险等可以启动飞行检查的七种情形。二是建立风险研判和分层处理措施,解决风险有效管控的问题。《办法》按照风险不同分层设计了风险管控措施。例如检查过程中,对需要立即采取暂停产品生产、销售、使用或者召回等风险控制措施的,检查组应当立即报请组织实施部门及时作出处理决定。三是强调全方位多层次的衔接配合,建立顺畅的协调机制。《办法》明确要求组织飞行检查的食品药品监督管理部门应当加强对检查工作的指挥。可根据现场检查反馈的情况启动食品药品监管相关部门的应对协调机制;可联合公安机关等有关部门共同开展飞行检查;可要求被检查单位所在地食品药品监管部门派员协助检查。四是丰富和细化应对手段,提升飞行检查的可操作性和权威性。例如《办法》对被检查单位“拒绝、逃避监督检查”的不配合情形进行了细化,明确这些情形构成《药品管理法实施条例》、《医疗器械监督管理条例》等有关规定的行政处罚从重情节。五是落实监管部门职责,强化执法监督。《办法》除明确地方监管部门的协助配合义务外,还规定食品药品监管部门应当对飞行检查情况予以公开的原则和信息通报与报告的义务。
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